Biomass and Protein Yields of Field Peas and Oats Intercrop Affected by Sowing Norms and Nitrogen Fertilizer at Two Different Stages of Growth

In limited growing conditions, intercropped field peas and oats can represent a significant source of forage rich in protein. If applied correctly, factors such as nitrogen fertilizer, the mowing phase, sowing norms significantly increase productivity these mixtures. Field trials were conducted to examine their under different levels (0, 40, 80 kg ha?1), norms/mixtures (field peas: oats—100:15%; 100:30%), two stages growth (full flowering, full pod formation). Nitrogen fertilizer had effect on biomass, hay, crude protein yields. On average, highest hay yields achieved with ha?1 N (4.96 t followed by 40 (4.27 ha?1). The (CP—704.1 (CP—637.6 Sowing norm 100:30% higher yields: 100:30%—4.82 ha?1; 100:15%—4.44 ha?1, while 100:15% 100:15%—730.4 100:30%—692.7 average. costs not increased but net profits much 163%, depending level mixture. also achieves economic efficiency for mixture compared Mixtures outperform single-grown crops provide cost-effective feed short time. Using optimal seed ratios profitability minimal impact overall production costs.